All You Need to Know About Universal Newborn Hearing Screening

Universal newborn hearing screening is a crucial process designed to detect potential hearing loss in all newborns within the first few months of life. SGH department of neonatal and development medicine's screening programme aims to identify any hearing impairments early on, allowing for timely intervention and maximisation of the baby's developmental potential. By conducting this screening universally, healthcare providers can ensure that every newborn has the opportunity for early detection and appropriate support if hearing loss is identified.
This article seeks to answer some of the frequently asked questions associated with hearing sceening.

What is Universal Newborn Hearing Screening?

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening is a screening process conducted for all newborns to detect potential hearing loss within the first few months of life.

Why should my baby's hearing be tested?

Approximately 4 in every 1,000 babies in Singapore are born with significant hearing impairment. Detecting hearing loss early allows for better maximisation of a baby's developmental potential. Since speech development is heavily reliant on hearing, babies with hearing difficulties may struggle to understand words and learn to communicate effectively.

When and how will this hearing screening be done?

Newborn hearing screening is typically conducted within the first few days after birth, usually before discharge from the hospital. It is a painless procedure performed by trained staff, lasting approximately 30 minutes, during which the baby needs to remain quiet. There are two types of automated screening tests, both involving the baby listening to soft sounds through a small earphone, with the computer measuring their response. In some cases, the screening may need to be completed as an outpatient procedure if not finished before discharge.

What does it mean if my baby does not pass the hearing screening?

If your baby does not pass the hearing screening, it indicates the need for a repeat screening before discharge or as an outpatient. This does not necessarily mean your baby has hearing impairment. Reasons for repeating the test may include fluid in the ear, excessive movement during the initial screening, or the possibility of hearing loss. Testing is crucial for accurate diagnosis and early intervention, if necessary. If the repeat screening is unsuccessful, a referral to an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist will be arranged.

What will the ENT specialist do?

The ENT specialist, in collaboration with an Audiologist, will conduct comprehensive hearing tests to assess your child's hearing abilities. If any issues are identified, various interventions can be implemented to support your child's speech and language development.

Keep in Mind!

Some babies may have normal hearing at birth but develop hearing impairment later in infancy or childhood due to factors like recurrent ear infections or genetic predispositions. Therefore, ongoing monitoring of your baby's hearing and language development is essential, regardless of passing initial screening tests.

Infants vulnerable for hearing impairment

All newborns undergo hearing screening after birth, with some identified as being more susceptible to hearing impairment. View our leaflet at the end of this article to learn more. 

What does it mean if my baby is in the 'vulnerable' category?

Being categorised as 'vulnerable' indicates a higher likelihood of hearing impairment, either present at birth, shortly after, or developing later in childhood. Babies in this category undergo screening with two different tools before discharge, and any failures result in a referral to an ENT specialist for further diagnostic testing.

Why does my baby need to be followed up?

Regular outpatient appointments with a Paediatrician are scheduled to monitor hearing, speech, and language development, especially in the first three years of life. Any concerns should be raised during these visits, and further hearing evaluations may be arranged by an ENT specialist if necessary.

Infants vulnerable for hearing impairment

All newborns undergo hearing screening after birth, with some identified as being more susceptible to hearing impairment. View our leaflet at the end of this article to learn more

What does it mean if my baby is in the 'vulnerable' category?

Being categorised as 'vulnerable' indicates a higher likelihood of hearing impairment, either present at birth, shortly after, or developing later in childhood. Babies in this category undergo screening with two different tools before discharge, and any failures result in a referral to an ENT specialist for further diagnostic testing.

Why does my baby need to be followed up?

Regular outpatient appointments with a Paediatrician are scheduled to monitor hearing, speech, and language development, especially in the first three years of life. Any concerns should be raised during these visits, and further hearing evaluations may be arranged by an ENT specialist if necessary.

What happens during the ENT visits?

During ENT visits, the doctor examines the baby's ears, while an Audiologist conducts comprehensive hearing tests.

What if my baby is detected with hearing loss on follow-up?

Further evaluation is needed to determine the cause, type, and severity of hearing loss, with early interventions such as hearing aids or cochlear implants being initiated promptly to optimise speech and language development.

What early interventions are available for a child with hearing loss?

Early intervention is crucial and may include fitting hearing aids, cochlear implant surgery, and auditory-verbal therapy. These interventions aim to maximise speech and language development, with family involvement being key to creating a supportive environment for the child's growth and learning.

With universal newborn hearing screening, we have the opportunity to detect any potential issues early and provide the necessary support for optimal outcomes. Our leaflet below offers further insights, guidelines, and tips to navigate the journey of newborn hearing screening and support your child's auditory development. Remember, early detection leads to early intervention, setting the foundation for a bright and fulfilling future for your little one. Download the leaflet today:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening.pdf