Vaccinations are one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases and their potentially serious complications. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, and pneumonia are respiratory illnesses caused by viral and bacterial infections, respectively. These conditions can lead to severe health complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Vaccines for Influenza and Pneumonia
Influenza Vaccine
The influenza vaccine, commonly known as the flu shot, is recommended annually for individuals aged six months and older. It is especially crucial for those at high risk of complications, including young children, pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with underlying health conditions such as diabetes, stroke & heart disease, cancer, etc. The vaccine helps protect against the seasonal flu strains circulating each year.
Common side effects include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, and muscle aches, which typically resolve within 2-3 days.
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly referred to as pneumococcus, is a bacterium responsible for a range of infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. These infections can pose significant health risks, particularly for young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
There are two main types of pneumococcal vaccines: PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and PPSV23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine).
These vaccines help protect against infections caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. PCV13 is recommended for infants and young children, while PPSV23 is recommended for adults aged 65 and older and individuals with certain medical conditions.
Common side effects may include redness, swelling, or soreness at the injection site, as well as mild fever or fatigue.
When Should You NOT Vaccinate?
Certain conditions may warrant postponing vaccination. Individuals with a fever, severe allergy to vaccine components, or those taking blood-thinning medications should consult their healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine.
Do I Need Treatment after Vaccination?
If you experience severe symptoms such as high fever, persistent pain, or redness and swelling at the injection site after vaccination, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, if you develop abnormal symptoms following vaccination, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face or throat, seek immediate medical care.
Post-Vaccine Care
After receiving a vaccination, it's important to avoid rubbing or massaging the injection site to minimize discomfort. You can remove the plaster covering the injection site when showering, but avoid exposing the area to excessive moisture. It is normal to experience mild soreness or redness at the injection site, which can be relieved with a cold compress or over-the-counter pain relievers if needed.
By staying informed about the importance of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and following proper post-vaccine care guidelines, you can help protect yourself and others from these serious respiratory infections. Download our leaflet to learn more about influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations available in Singapore:
Influenza & Pneumococcal Vaccinations (English).pdf
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