Resources for Pressure Injuries

Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are areas of damaged skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. They typically occur in individuals with limited mobility who are unable to change positions frequently, such as bedridden patients or those confined to a wheelchair. Pressure injuries are most commonly found on bony areas of the body, such as the heels, hips, sacrum, and elbows, where the skin is thin and close to the bone.

They develop when sustained pressure interrupts blood flow to a particular area of the skin. Without adequate blood flow, the affected tissue lacks oxygen and essential nutrients, leading to cell death and the formation of ulcers. Other contributing factors include friction, which occurs when the skin rubs against clothing or bedding, and shear, which happens when the skin moves in one direction while the underlying bone moves in another, causing the skin to stretch and tear.

 

Moisture from sweat, urine, or wound drainage can also exacerbate the risk of developing pressure injuries by weakening the skin and making it more susceptible to damage. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or vascular diseases, are at higher risk due to impaired circulation and reduced ability to heal.

 

Preventing and managing pressure injuries is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, pressure injuries can lead to complications, including infections that can spread to the bloodstream (sepsis) or bone (osteomyelitis). These infections can be life-threatening, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised patients. Additionally, pressure injuries cause significant pain and discomfort, severely impacting a patient’s quality of life.

 

Effective prevention strategies include regular repositioning of patients to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas, using pressure-relieving devices such as special mattresses and cushions, and maintaining good skin hygiene. Ensuring proper nutrition and hydration also supports skin health and the body’s ability to repair tissue. For those at risk, a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual's needs is essential to prevent the development of pressure injuries.

 

Managing existing pressure injuries involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes wound care, infection control, and addressing underlying health issues. Wound care may involve cleaning the wound, debriding dead tissue, and applying appropriate dressings to promote healing. In some cases, advanced therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may be used to aid in the healing process.

Refer to our leaflet for more information: